Fungicides
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Chlorothalonil organochlorine borad-spectrum fungicide posamalira mbewu
Chlorothalonil ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana a organochlorine (fungicide) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi bowa omwe amawopseza masamba, mitengo, zipatso zazing'ono, turf, zokongoletsera, ndi mbewu zina zaulimi.Amawongoleranso zowola za zipatso mu cranberry bogs, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto.
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Propiconazole zokhudza zonse ntchito triazole fungicide
Propiconazole ndi mtundu wa triazole fungicide, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa udzu womwe umabzalidwa ku mbewu, bowa, chimanga, mpunga wakuthengo, mtedza, ma almond, manyuchi, oats, pecans, apricots, mapichesi, nectarines, plums ndi prunes.Pa chimanga chimalamulira matenda obwera chifukwa cha Erysiphe graminis, Leptosphaeria nodorum, Pseudocerosporella herpotrichoides, Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis, ndi Septoria spp.
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Fludioxonil non-systemic contact fungicide kuteteza mbewu
Fludioxonil ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo.Ndiwothandiza motsutsana ndi mitundu yambiri ya ascomycete, basidiomycete ndi deuteromycete bowa.Monga mankhwala a mbewu ya phala, imateteza matenda obwera ku mbewu ndi nthaka ndipo imathandizira makamaka Fusarium roseum ndi Gerlachia nivalis mutirigu wa timbewu tating'ono.Monga chithandizo cha mbewu ya mbatata, fludioxonil imapereka kuwongolera kosiyanasiyana kwa matenda kuphatikiza Rhizoctonia solani ikagwiritsidwa ntchito movomerezeka.Fludioxonil sichikhudza kumera kwa mbewu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera bowa, amapereka mphamvu zambiri za Botrytis ku mbewu zosiyanasiyana.Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi matenda pazitsa, masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso.Fludioxonil imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi benzimidazole-, dicarboximide- ndi bowa wosamva guanidine.
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Difenoconazole triazole wide-spectrum fungicides pofuna kuteteza mbewu
Difenoconazole ndi mtundu wa triazole fungicide.Ndi mankhwala ophera bowa omwe amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuteteza zokolola ndi khalidwe lawo pogwiritsa ntchito masamba kapena kuchiritsa mbewu.Zimayamba kugwira ntchito ngati inhibitor ya sterol 14α-demethylase, kutsekereza biosynthesis ya sterol.
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Boscalid carboximide fungicide kwa
Boscalid ali ndi sipekitiramu yotakata ya bactericidal ntchito ndipo ali ndi zodzitetezera, kukhala yogwira motsutsana pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya matenda a mafangasi.Zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kulamulira powdery mildew, imvi nkhungu, mizu zowola matenda, sclerotinia ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda zowola ndipo si zophweka kutulutsa mtanda kukana.Zimagwiranso ntchito polimbana ndi mabakiteriya osamva kwa ena.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda ogwiriridwa, mphesa, mitengo yazipatso, masamba ndi mbewu zakumunda.Zotsatira zawonetsa kuti Boscalid idakhudza kwambiri chithandizo cha Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ndi zonse zomwe zimayang'anira zochitika za matenda komanso index yoyang'anira matenda yoposa 80%, yomwe inali yabwino kuposa othandizira ena onse omwe akudziwika pano.
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Azoxystrobin systemic fungicide posamalira ndi kuteteza mbewu
Azoxystrobin ndi systemic fungicide, yogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes ndi Oomycetes.Ili ndi zoletsa, zochizira komanso zomasulira komanso zotsalira zomwe zimatha mpaka milungu isanu ndi itatu pambewu yambewu.Chogulitsacho chimawonetsa kutengeka pang'onopang'ono, kosasunthika kwa foliar ndipo kumangoyenda mu xylem.Azoxystrobin imalepheretsa kukula kwa mycelial komanso imakhala ndi anti-sporulant.Ndiwothandiza makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha fungal (makamaka pa kumera kwa spore) chifukwa cholepheretsa kupanga mphamvu.
